Tramadol, chemical name: 2 - (e) - [(dimetilamino) methyl] -1 - (e) - (3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1-(a)-ol, is a synthetic opioid agonist with properties - ante-gonista, central analgesic action secondary force, like kodeinu, pentazotsinu, propoksifenu. It is widely and effectively used for pain relief in therapy and surgery, particularly in coronary, cancer and orthopedic pain.
Drug tool is a hydrochloride Tramadol and produced under various names: Mabron (Cyprus), and Mendesik Tradol (India), Sintradon (Yugoslavia), Protradon (Czech Republic), etc., but the most common in Russia is a TRA-MAL, produced under licence Gryunental company (Germany), which was synthesized, and has studied the drug for therapeutic use on the world market.
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In the early stages of exploring Tramadol , which was set opioid analgesic mechanis of action (selective Tramadol has to mu-opioid receptors), it carried to narcotic analgesics. However, further research and experience in the application of clinical practice showed a low level of side effects of opiate-type, which include, above all, the weakening of the functions of breathing, a manifestation of euphoria, the development of drug dependence and tolerance, while taking therapeutic (100 mg), and even three-therapeutic (300 mg ) Tramadol doses compared to equivalent doses of morphine analgeticheskomu of action. The side effects typical in the case of the reception of opioids, such as nausea, dizziness, vomiting, relaxation, dry mouth occur during long-term use of Tramadol , but do not exceed 5% of the total number of registered nearly 13 thousand cases. Even more rare manifestations of oppression breath, urine delay, constipation.
The development of tolerance and drug dependence with prolonged admission therapeutic doses Tramadol is exceptional and there has been using the Tramadol in three months (225-258 mg daily), as expressed syndrome lifting. Special experiments involving twelve former addicts and six opiyno-dependent addicts receiving methadone treatment, it was shown that Tramadol is not producing morfino-like effect, has low narcotic activity, and no substitute for morphine when opium addiction for people with low or moderate opiate dependency levels at least until the doses of 300 mg. With respect to inhibition of mu-Opioid binding TRM is 10 times less effective than codeine, of 1000 than in 6000 and methadone times than morphine. For the production of such effects morfino-tolerant subjects required at higher doses.
